new Harvard Medical School Booklet

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Today's column discusses a new Harvard Medical School booklet that addresses most of the eye problems associated with aging

Biosyntrx

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Friday Pearls

Our Aging Eyes

August 03, 2012

Harvard Medical School just published a booklet called The Aging Eye and it’s too good not to pass on some of the highlights for our Friday Pearl readers.

How Aging Causes Eye Problems

Just as hair turns gray with age, bladders weaken and memory's lapse, our eyes, too, undergo a metamorphosis. Although these changes are all part of normal aging, some set the stage for more serious eye problems. As our eyes age, eyelid muscles weaken, and skin becomes more flaccid. This can cause the upper eye lid to droop or the lower lid to sag. Eyelashes and eyebrows may lose their lushness and thin out considerably.

Tear production also drops off, and the oily film that tears provide decreases as lubricating glands in the conjuctiva (the membrane covering the sclera (white part of the eye). These changes can lead to a buildup of mucous, resulting in stickiness, or make the cornea dry, causing irritation or an uncomfortable, gritty sensation in the eye.

The conjuctiva turns thinner and more fragile with age and takes on a yellowish tinge from an increase in the elastic fibers. The sclera may also assume a yellowish hue from a collection of lipid, or fat, deposits. Calcium may be deposited in the sclera, leading to patches of grayish translucency. The exposed conjuctiva between the lids begins to degenerate, and the cornea can develop an opaque white ring around its edge.

With time, the crystalline lens hardens and loses its elasticity. This makes it more difficult to focus on near objects, a common condition called presbyopia. You might also find that your night vision grows poorer. These changes usually occur simultaneously in both eyes.

The picture painted above is not pretty, but the good news is an eye doctor can help lessen the effect of these normal processes.

Warning signs that warrant an eye doctor visit

We highly recommend seeing an eye care professional if you experience any of the following symptoms or problems with your eyes:

• Change in iris color
• Crossed eyes
• Dark spot in the center of your field of vision
• Difficulty focusing on near or distant objects
• Double vision
• Dry eyes with itching or burning
• Episodes of cloudy vision
• Excess discharge or tearing
• Eye pain
• Floaters or flashers
• Growing bump on the eyelid
• Halos (circles around lights) or glare
• Hazy or blurred vision
• Inability to close eyelid
• Loss of peripheral vision
• Redness around the eye
• Spots in your field of vision
• Sudden loss of vision
• Trouble adjusting to dark rooms
• Unusual sensitivity to light or glare
• Veil obstructing vision
• Wavy or crooked appearance to straight lines.

Ellen Troyer, MT MA
Biosyntrx CEO / Chief Research Officer

PEARL

We highly recommend that our Friday Pearl readers subscribe to Harvard Health Publications to gain access to science-based information on a large number of diseases, as well as ways to help prevent disease and to treat it should it manifest.

Along with droopy eyes, sagging skin, memory lapse and the weakened bladders associated with aging comes maturity, wisdom and self awareness so don't let minor issues keep you from staying in the game. Those who do continue to be productive, have a lot more fun and contribute much needed expertise to society.

Crestpoint Management, LTD instrument announcement:
DK Nucleus Divider Hook 2-714-1NR8

New NAC SCIENCE

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Robert    702-858-6701

Today's column discusses new NAC science around matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity affecting corneal and ocular surface diseases, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa.

 

Friday Pearls

N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) Update

August 09, 2012

A new fast track paper published in the July 2012 Nature Journal, Eye, suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may lower elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity associated with ocular surface and corneal disease.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a human enzyme encoded by the MMP9 gene.

Excessive amounts are associated with ocular surface disease including dry eye, as well as diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, arthritis, intracerebral hemmorrhage, metastasis and collagen degradation.

N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) is the acetylated form of the amino acid L-Cysteine. It has been suggested in a large number of published scientific studies to rapidly metabolize to intracellular glutathione, the mother-of-all-antioxidants found inside every cell in the body, including the eye.

Glutathione is produced in the liver from three amino acids, cysteine, glutamic acid and glyceine, with cysteine being the major player. Very small amounts are found naturally in fruits and vegetables, but absorption rates of both natural and supplemental glutathione seem to be fairly low.

Dietary cysteine is primarily found in egg yolk, which probably put vegans who don't take supplemental NAC at risk.

A review published in the August 2009 American Family Physician suggests that NAC supplementation is linked to prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prevention of kidney damage during imaging procedures, attenuation of illness from the influenza virus, if started before infection. And, eradication of Helicobactoer pylori and hearing loss in patients on renal dialysis.

The long-proven ability of NAC to increase glutathione production is also particularly important during flu and cold season:

1. Evidence suggests that glutathione helps the body inhibit viral replication.

2. Adequate glutathione levels help to prevent unwanted mucus buildup in the lungs.

3. Double-masked research suggests that NAC supplementation lowers the risk of chronic bronchitis recurrences.

A recent study looked at NAC glutathione and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in an early model of diabetic retinopathy. The results show that plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are minimized with NAC treatment. This suggests that early supplemental therapies can reduce free radical damage in the diabetic eye.

NAC and Alzheimer's

A study published in an August 2009 peer-reviewed journal on rats treated with aluminum to induce cognitive dysfunction similar to that of Alzheimer’s disease had promising results for those at genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The study rats pre-treated with NAC maintained significantly improved memory retention during tasks, decreased oxidative damage and reduced acetyl-cholinesterase activity, which is the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine that plays a key role in memory, learning and many other brain functions. The NAC untreated rats did not fair well at all.

NAC and Tylenol

NAC has been used in hospitals for years to treat liver damage caused by mostly excessive Tylenol (acetaminophen) intake. Even though Tylenol controls about 35% of the pain killer market in North America; acetaminophen overdose is responsible for more emergency room visits than any other medicine on the OTC market.

Has anyone ever thought of including NAC in Tylenol? Don’t jump on that one too fast!

NAC is more efficacious if taken as part of a full-spectrum vitamin/mineral/antioxidant multiple. It chelates heavy metals, including mercury, and it also increases the excretion of zinc, copper and other minerals if excessvie amounts are taken over an extended period of time. NAC should also always be taken with a host of vitamin and plant-based antioxidants to regenerate active glutathione and keep it from becoming a pro-oxidant.

Again, we come back to the importance of micronutrient synergy.

Ellen Troyer, MT MA

Biosyntrx Chief Research Officer

PEARL

The Biosyntrx full-spectrum multiples include N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC): Macula Complete includes 200 mg of NAC in each recommended daily dose. Oculair includes 100 mg of NAC in each recommended daily dose.

Have a fabulous Hot August Nights weekend.

Crestpoint Management, LTD instrument announcement:
Jones-Inamura Round Handle Capsulorhexis Forceps 2-2-716G-10R

References

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion and cell migration of human corneal epithelial cells. ramaesh T, Ramaesh K, Riley SC, et al. Eye. 2012 July 6. [abstract]

N-acetylcysteine promotes long-term survival of cones in a model of retinitis pigmentosa. Lee SY, Usui S, et al. J Cell Physiol. 2011 Jul; 266(7): 1843-9. [abstract]

Human preocular mucins reflect changes in ocular surface physiology. Berry M, Ellingham RB, Corfield AO. Br J Ophthalmol 2004 Mar; 88 (3): 3777-83 [abstract]

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the early expression of inflammatory markers in the retina and plasma of diabetic rats. Tsai GY, Cui JZ, et al. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009 Mar;37(2):223-31 [abstract]

N-acetylcysteine: multiple clinical applications. Millea PH. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Aug 1:80(3):265-9 [abstract]N-acetylcysteine Inhibits hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Diabetic Neuropathy. Kamboj SS, Vasista RK, et al. J Neurochem 2009 Oct 15 [abstract]

N-acetylcysteine: multiple clinical applications: extracellular redos modulation by regulatory T cells. Yan Z, Garg SK, et al. Nat Chem Biol 2009 Oct;5 (10):721-3 [abstract]

Effect of N-acetyl cysteine against aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in rats. Prakash A, Kumar A, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009 Aug;105(2): 98-104 [abstract]

The United States Agriculture's

RELIV   https://rcnaegle.reliv.com
Robert    702 8586701

Today's column discusses The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) nutritional values for fruits and vegetables today compared to 1975 and how this may relate to the obesity epidemic and age-related degenerative disease.

[Friday Pearl Column]

 

For Healthy Eyes and Body

Article

Friday Pearls

Everyone Needs a Multiple

August 23, 2012

The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) nutritional values for fruits and vegetables today compared to 1975 is major cause for concern according to Al Sears, MD, nutrition specialist, prolific writer and member of a number of professional societies that focus on health, wellness and anti-aging.

These are a few of the vegetable nutrient drops Dr. Sears mentioned in a recent article:

• Apples: Vitamin A is down 41%

• Sweet Peppers: Vitamin C is down 31%

• Watercress: Iron is down 88%

• Broccoli: Calcium and Vitamin A are down 50%

• Cauliflower: Vitamin C is down 45%, Vitamin B1 is down 48%; and Vitamin B2 is down 47%

• Collard Greens: Vitamin A is down 45%; Potassium is down 60%; and Magnesium is down 85%.

Why is the nutritional value of fresh foods decreasing?

One of the culprits seems to be the creation of “hybrid” forms of fruits and vegetables, which are designed more for color and shelf life than nutritional value. Unfortunately, they too often include more indigestible cellulose, sugar and water than essential micronutrients. Recent discoveries have also shown that unbelievablly sloppy shipping practices deplete nutrient density of fresh foods.

According to Dr. Sears, some food mineral content has dropped more than 80% from commercial farming technology and powerful fertilizers that tend to sterilize the soil, leaving it fairly depleted of mineral content.

Unfortunately, our bodies require increased calories to reach saiety (sense of fullness) when foods are lacking nutritional content. This, no doubt, accounts for part of the obesity problem our country faces today.

Most of us have been taught that our bodies ability to maintain energy and nutrient balance is dependent on a complex regulatory system that allows us to achieve and maintain a steady-state of energy and nutrient balance, particularly where macronutrients are concerned (protein, fat and carbohydrates).

However, investigators have also now noted repeatedly that obese people have a lower blood concentration of a number of micronutrients, and a few studies suggest weight loss associated with daily multiple vitamin/mineral/antioxidant consumption. This weight loss may be linked to an earlier sense of fullness from foods that aren’t as nutrient dense as they used to be, if or when we take full-spectrum multiple micronutrient supplements.

As we know, nutrients act together to create health, and multiple insufficiencies contribute to disease. This is why single nutrient supplementation trials and studies rarely produce earthshattering results.

The simplistic notion that body fat is determined exclusively by voluntary food consumption and exercise behaviors is truly outdated thinking.

Bodies starved for nutrition will continue to crave empty calorie, high-carb foods until they feel some sense of satiety. This does not mean that vitamin supplements will replace a nutrient-dense diet. It simply means that a well-designed multiple (based on the scientific information we have today) can provide many of the nutrients missing from our food sources and in many cases help prevent or slow the progression of age-related degenerative disease.

As income goes up, the quality of food consumed goes up in most cases. This is not rocket science. Nor are food choices simply a matter of ignorance, as too many would like to believe of people who suffer both obesity and poverty.

Food safety and nutrient intake should, but probably won't, be part of both parties convention platforms since the taxpayer cost of nutrient-deficiency disease has clearly become unsustainable.

Ellen Troyer, MT MA

Biosyntrx CEO / Chief Research Officer

PEARL

A calorie is a unit of heat used in physics.

The Calorie Model is a 60 year old rough analogy The calorie model suggests a closed system that does not exist. It grossly oversimplifies and does not attempt to explain many observations that we can no longer afford to ignore. It has everything to do with liberated energy and very little to do with biological processes that do not involve combustion. It considers food for its combustive energy and completely ignores what actually happens to food molecules inside the body.

Overeating is always bad and never good. But the phenomenon of obesity is far more complex than calorie theory proponents want to admit. We can no longer afford to ignore the dwindling nutritional value of our fresh and processed food supply, nor can we ignore the societal impact of dwindling nutrition.

Crestpoint Management, LTD instrument announcement:
Mackool Femto Adjustable Speculum 9-588-1

References

Micronutrient quality of weight-loss diets that focus on macronutrients: results from the A to Z study. Gardner CD, Kim S, et al. Am J Clin Nutr Aug 2010;92(2): 304-12 [abstract]

Effect of micronutrient fortified biscuit supplementation on the weight, height and BMI of adolescent girls. Goyle A. Coll Antropol 2012 Jun; 36(2): 573-9 [abstract]

Food and nutrient intakes and their association with lower BMI in middle-aged US adults: the international Study of Macro / Micronutrients and Blood Pressure. Shay CM, Van Horn L, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 Sep: 96(

FLY FISHING

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Robert   702- 858-6701

 

 

Today's column discusses why so many people honor first and last light standing in rivers, small streams or on the banks of mountain lakes fly fishing for the ever-elusive trout. And, why we need to pay more attention than usual to preventing mosquito bites, and what we can do to lessen the effects if we are bitten.

Friday Pearls

Fly Fishing & West Nile Virus

August 31, 2012

Why do we love fly fishing? Trout live in beautiful places, that’s why. It’s been written by writers of prose that we go fly fishing when we need to stand in a stream or river to exclude the outer world. Moving water helps most of us find our core.

Many of my Friday Pearl physician readers share my love of fishing. This has been a particularly fun year since I’m lucky enough to have met a delightful Class A Orvis fishing guide neighbor who understands water and the wily and beguiling nature of trout. I’ve definitely upped my weekend time on rivers, streams and high altitude mountain lakes.

As all catch and release folks know, the most productive fly fishing times are dawn and dusk; also the time when mosquitos love to feast heavily on a few of us more than other, and science has never explained why. This is more of a concern than normal since the 2012 West Nile Virus outbreak is the largest in U.S. history, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

As of August 21, 38 states have reported human infection in 1,118 people, including 41 deaths. Eight cases have been confirmed here in Colorado. Luckily, no Colorado deaths so far.

The Good News

Most mosquitoes do not carry West Nile and most folks bit by West Nile mosquitoes do not get sick. The virus seems to adversely affect people over the age of 50 far more than younger people.

A large number of fly fishers are over the age of 50, so this column and advice is directed at my people. Please seek medical care immediately if you develop severe headaches or confusion after mosquito bites. Early treatment dramatically lessens the risk of severe illness or death from West Nile Virus.

Extra precautions may also be necessary to lower the risk of West Nile related illness :

1. Use mosquito repellent in August and September, and until the first frost. Caution, with DEET, since adverse effects have been reported, particularly when used in combination with other repellents including Permethrin. Save it for times when mosquitos are particularly vicious and use both sparingly.

2. Dress in long pants, long sleeves and keep a bandana for head and neck in your vest, even when it’s hot.

3. Be especially careful at dusk and dawn – fly fisher’s favorite hours.

4. Drain any standing water, including bird fountains and kiddie pools around your house. This is breeding ground for mosquitoes.

. . . . . . . . . .

If you do get a few or a lot of bites, I recommend keeping a tube of Benadryl cream (histamine blocking itch relief) in your fishing vest. It makes the itching stop almost immediately and for those of you who are particularly susceptible to being bitten, taking a Benadryl capsule immediately after can also lessen the reaction. I always recommend trying the capsules before you need it to see if it makes you drowsy, particularly too drowsy to drive.

EpiCor From Biosyntrx for Fishers

Although no clinical studies have specifically been done on EpiCor and West Nile virus, it makes biological sense to me that having ones immune system properly balanced or modulated would lessen a reaction to the virus, should we be bitten by a mosquito infected with West Nile.

My Personal Science-Based Reasoning:

EpiCpor has been proven in a number of studies to activate Natural Killer (NK) cells to help ward of foreign invaders. If invaders get past this first line of defense, research also shows that EpiCor works further down the line where the adaptive immune system kicks in and activates B cells, which support antibody production specific to the invading pathogen.

EpiCor is also a powerful antioxidant that further supports a healthy body by scavenging dangerous free radicals and possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Early EpiCor research indicated that it may take up to 2 to 4 weeks for the full benefits of EpiCor to take effect. However, a more recent in-vitro clinical trial found activation of Natural Killer cells and an increase of serum antioxidant level within two hours of consumption of EpiCor.

The results of this new study convinced me that taking 500 mg of pure EpiCor daily, plus an extra 500 mg an hour or two before dusk or dawn fly fishing should lessen my chance of having a severe inflammatory reaction to a West Nile Virus mosquito bite.

You decide for yourself.

Ellen Troyer, MT MA

Biosyntrx CEO / Chief Research Officer.

PEARL

"They say we forget our troubles on a trout stream, but that's not quite it. What happens is that we begin to see where our troubles fit into the grand scheme of things, and suddenly they're just not such a big deal anymore" John Gierach.

"Eventually, all things merge into one, and a river runs through it. I am haunted by waters." Norman Maclean.

“Nothing makes a fish bigger than almost being caught.” Author Unknown

Biosyntrx also highly recommends daily Epicor for people of all ages to help prevent or lessen the effects of flu and colds, as well as spring and autumn pollen allergies.

Crestpoint Management, LTD instrument announcement:
Colibri Toothed Forceps 2-132-3N

References

An antiinflammatory immunogen from yeast culture induces activation and alters chemokine receptor expression on human natural killer cells and B lymphocytes in vitro. Jensen G, Schauss A, et al. Nutrition Research 27 (2007) 327-337 [abstract]

Immunogenic yeast--based fermentation product reduces allergic rhinitis-induced nasal congestion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Moyad M, Robinson L, et al. Advances in Therapy. Volumne 26 2011 (8):795-803 [abstract]

Discovery of edible fermentation product with unusual immune enhancing properties in humans. Schauss A, Vojdani A. The FASEB Journal 2006;20:A143 [abstract]

Brewer's/baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and preventive medicine: part 1. Moyad MA, Urol Nurs. 2007 Dec;2796):560-1 [abstract]

Effects of a modified yeast supplement on cold/flu symptoms. Moyad MA, Robinson LE, et al. Urol Nurs. 2008 Feb;28(1); 50-5 [abstract]

Brewer's/bakers yest (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and preventive medicine: Part II. Moyad MA. Urol Nurs. 2008 Feb;28(1):73-5 [abstract]

Reliv  https://rcnaegle.reliv.com
Robert  702-858-6701

Today's column uses The 100th Monkey phenomenon as metaphor for improving the collective eating habits of our nation and others

Friday Pearls

The 100th Monkey

September 07, 2012

“Americans are being led to believe that their vote can somehow change the healthcare system. What they need to realize is that their choices at the supermarket and in restaurants have a better chance of improving long-term health than any politician, physician or pharmaceutical company combined.” Dr. Steven Newman

While a number of doctors still prefer to believe Americans with bad eating habits will never change. Dr. Newman, an advisory board member of the Ocular Nutrition Society, sticks hard to his public advocacy for nutrition reform.

He believes that if 30,000 optometrists would just ask a few simple nutrition intake questions in their history process, eyes will begin to open. Newman says, “I’m fully aware of food industry lobbying interests against proper eating habits, but if every patient day 30,000 ODs improved the eating habits of even one patient’s life, that’s 600,000 lives per month and over 7, 000,000 per year."

Could this be another 100th Monkey?

In 1952, on the island of Koshima, Japan, scientists were providing monkeys with sweet potatoes dropped in the sand. The monkey liked the taste of the raw sweet potatoes, but they found the dirt unpleasant.

An 18-month-old female named Imo found she could solve the problem by washing the potatoes in a nearby stream. She taught this trick to her mother. Her playmates also learned this new way and they taught their mothers too.

This cultural innovation was gradually picked up by various monkeys before the eyes of the scientists. Between 1952 and 1958 all the young monkeys learned to wash the sandy sweet potatoes to make them more palatable. Only the adults who imitated their children learned this social improvement. Other adults kept eating the dirty sweet potatoes.

Then something startling took place. In the autumn of 1958, a certain number of Koshima monkeys were washing sweet potatoes -- the exact number is not known. But, let us just suppose that when the sun rose one morning there were 99 monkeys on Koshima Island who had learned to wash their sweet potatoes. Let's further suppose that later that morning, the hundredth monkey learned to wash potatoes.

Did one extra monkey create critical mass?

By that evening almost everyone in the tribe was washing sweet potatoes before eating them. The added energy of this hundredth monkey somehow created an ideological breakthrough!

Another most surprising thing was observed by the scientists. The habit of monkeys washing sweet potatoes jumped over the sea. . . colonies of monkeys on other islands and the mainland troop of monkeys at Takasakiyama began washing their sweet potatoes.

When a certain critical number achieves an awareness, this new awareness seems to be communicated from mind to mind.

Although the exact number may vary, this Hundredth Monkey Phenomenon means that when only a limited number of people know of a new way, it may remain the conscious property of these people. But there is a point at which if only one more person tunes-in to a new awareness, a field is strengthened so that this awareness is picked up by almost everyone!

Dr. Newman’s commitment to changing the eating habits of his own patient base, and doing everything he can to get other eye doctors to do the same is supported by the Ocular Nutrition Society president, Dr. Jeff Anshel, the ONS Board of Directors, the ONS Advisory Board and the ONS industry sponsors, who are equally committed to disease prevention and control, as well as improving public health through education.

This collective commitment will eventually reach critical mass and have the same effect as the 100th Monkey.

Ellen Troyer, MT MA

Biosyntrx CEO / Chief Research Officer

PEARL

Biosyntrx and the other esteemed ONS sponsors are proud to remind Eye Care Professionals about the upcoming 2012 nutrition education joint meeing of the Ocular Nutrition Society and the Optometric Retina Society titled:

Healthy Retina Through Behavioral Modification and Proper Nutrition.

This year's distinguished faculty includes:

JOE PIZZIMENTI, OD, FAAO

The Emerging Link Between Nutrition, Genomics, and Visual Performance

This course describes various high and low tech measures of retinal function, citing data on improved performance with better diets and/or supplementation. Additionally, this course presents a nutrigenomic approach to retinal wellness (e.g. the way in which food ingredients influence gene expression at the retinal level).

STUART RICHER, OD, PhD, FAAO

Molecular Medicine, Epigenetics, Resveratrol and the Retina

Resveratrol is a non-flavanoid polyphenol phytoalexin found in red wine grape skin. Combined with other small molecules, Resveratrol has been observed to be clinically beneficial in otherwise non-responsive age-related macular degeneration.

DIANA SHECHTMAN, OD, FAAO

KIM REED, OD

Practical Approaches to Clinical Nutrition: A Case-Based Series

This course presents a case-based review of our current understanding of the micro- and macro-nutrients related to several chronic ocular diseases. Potential benefits of supplementation, dosing considerations, risks, and current controversies are included.

JEFFRY GERSON, OD, FAAO

A. PAUL CHOUS, OD, FAAO

Feed your Retina: Nutrition and Retinal Health

This course will touch on several areas where nutrition play a role in retinal health. Special emphasis will be placed on AMD and Diabetes. Practical guidelines will be discussed in order to make the presented material immediately implementable

in practice.

ALL COURSES ARE COPE-APPROVED

Please stay after the meeting from 4-5PM for our wildly popular “Cabernet, Chocolate and Chatter” social hour. This will be an excellent chance to meet the speakers, sponsors and other docs who share your passion for nutrition.

October 23, 2012 9AM-4PM

Hyatt Regency Hotel

122 North 2nd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004

(This event is just one day prior to the American Academy of Optometry annual meeting.)

Register for the COPE approved joint meeting here: www.ocularnutritionsociety.org/events?eventId=4&controller=event&task=individualRegister 

Crestpoint Management, LTD instrument announcement:
Inamura Capsulorhexis Forceps 2-716GNR8-2

References

Thank you Ken Keys for being gracious enough to not copywrite your 100th Monkey story knowing that it would have a better chance of being shared and read if you allowed others to use it as metaphor.